EDU 03:Technology Online Assignment

ICT & It's Applications 

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for Information Technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as wells as necessary enterprise soft ware, middle ware, storage and audio- visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate Information.

The term ICT is now also used to refer to the convergence- of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer net work! through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management.

ICTs can enhance the quality of education in several ways: by increasing learner motivation and engagement by facilitating the acquisition of basic skills, and by enhancing teacher training.

IT with reference to technology in education", encompasses one or more of the following:

 1. Media and AV communication eg, alternative instructional delivery systems such as Radio, ETV etc.

 2. Vocational training tools, such as CBT (Computer Based Training) CAD (Computer Aided Design),          etc.

3. Computers and computer based systems for instructional delivery and management eg. CAI                    (Computer Assisted Instruction) etc. 4. Internet/web based education eg. Not only education                     Information with text, graphics, video but also courses are offered by various web sites.

While IT refers primarily to the components of media,computer tools and instructional uses of computer based systems, Instructional Technology lies at the core and in the starting point.

Computer Assisted Instruction(CAI)

CAI is a natural out growth of the application of Programmed Instruction. The aim of CAI is to provide individualized instruction to meet the special needs of each learner. It needs some efficient and flexible device that can store a gigantic amount of organised Information and use selected portion to meet the needs of individual learner. A computer is such a device, which can cater to the needs of individual learner. Computer can store a vast amount of Information suiting to the needs of individual learner.

CAI allows every student to move at his own speed. In classroom the teachers will be too fast or too slow for students. In either case the students will lose interest. CAT can eliminate this problem. It allows students to study any subjects at any time they wish. The normal school with a fixed timetable does not give this freedom. The computer also gives special attention to each student, keeps tracks of his or her difficulties and is extremely patient.

Apart from teaching subjects like mathematics, CAI can also be used for science experiments without the student going to a laboratory.

If the student gives a wrong instruction. It is not obeyed. A suitable message appears and a small lesson is given to enable the student to make the correct choice. Once the is made, the student has to 'conduct' the experiment.

CAI is particularly good for subject like mathematics, languages and computer programming. In one experiment a computer was very successful in teaching three-year-old children the basic skills of reading and writing. Even retarded children did well in the computerized classroom.

Computer Managed Instruction(CMI)

Computer-managed instruction is an instructional strategy whereby the computer is used to provide learning objectives, learning resources, and assessment of learner performance. Computer-managed instruction (CMI) aids the instructor in instructional management without actually doing the teaching. Central CMI themes discussed in the literature are individualization, behavioral objectives, and educational technology. 

The main objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of two teaching strategies: 

CMI versus the traditional lecture method. The learning objectives were based on specified theoretical content from a Health Assessment course for baccalaureate nursing students. The design of the study was quasi-experimental incorporating two experimental treatments applied to two groups on two occasions.

 Data analysis addresses differences between groups using CMI and the traditional lecture method. The variables examined were the cognitive performance of learners, the learner's attitude toward the instructional strategy, the learner's retention of knowledge, the time involved in mastering the learning objectives, and the relationship between learner characteristics and the effectiveness of the instructional strategy.

Computer Mediated Communication(CMC)

Compuuter Mediated Communication (CMC) is a process in which human data interaction occurs through one or more networked telecommunication system. A CMC interaction ocurs through various types of networking technology and software, including email, Internet Relay Chart (IRC), Instant Messaging (IM). Use net and mailing list servers.

CMC is any form of communication between two or more individual people who interact and/or influence each other via separate computers through the Internet or a network connection-using social software. CMC technology saves time and money in IT organisations by facilitating the use of all communication formats

Advantages

1. CMC breaks down geographical barriers to communication. 

2. It enabling collaboration and co-operative learning.

3. People can exchange, store, edit, broadcast, and copy any written document.

Computer Simulation

Simulation means imitation as of conditions anticipated. In other words the act or process of pretending. A computer simulation is an attempt to model a real-life or hypothetical situation on a computer so that it can be studied to see how the system works. By changing variables in the simulation, predictions may be made about the behavior of the system. Computer simulation developed hand-in-hand with the rapid growth of the computer.

Computer simulation is a useful part of the modelling many natural systems in physics, chemistry and biology, and human systems in economics and social science as well as in engineering to gain insight in to the operation of these systems. Use of Computer Simulation

Simulation is used in the training of civilian and military personnel. This is usually occurs when it is prohibitively expensive or simply too dangerous to allow trainees to use the real equipment in the real world. In such situations they will spend time learning valuable lessons in a "safe" virtual environment yet living a life like experience.

Education Podcast

A podcast is a digital audio recording, with or without images, which instructors can use to deliver content to students in an easy a synchronous fashion. Once generated, podcasts can be disseminated online through personal websites or podcast directories. Podcasting, the name for this process, is an amalgamation of "broadcasting" and the acronym "POD". POD stands for "Portable on Demand" and was first used to name Apple Computer's widely successful portable media player, the I pad. Now, the terms "podcast" and "podcasting"are part of the American lexicon and refer to the distribution of any down loadable digital audio file that can be played on numerous devices such as computers, smart phones, i pads, and other portable media devices.

Podcasting is the ability to create or listen to audio or video content either live or downloaded for later use. A podcast is similar to a radio shown in that each show consists of a series of individual episodes you can listen to on your computer or on a digital player like a iPod. Podcasting involves the online publication of digital files (Audio, video or other formats) with in a channel to which others can subscribe and obtain updates.

A podcast can contain any type of file, audio, video, PDF or other. Feeds let you pull information when you want it, rather that having it pushed to you like spam. Podcast use feeds so people can SUBSCRIBE to them with podcasting software like iTunes or Juice. Pod casts are different from web-based audio and video files because their feed permits subscribing and automatic transfer of the files to a portable device like an iPod, letting people time and place shift when they consume media.

The classroom is an evolving environment. Today's educators must continually adapt to changes in student learning needs and available technology. Although there is no substitute for personal interaction between the student and educator, new technological tools can facilitate and enhance the learning processes. The low cost, ease of use and effectiveness as a communication tool all validate use of podcasting in the classroom. Educators can easily include podcasting in their repertoire of teaching tools because it only requires a modest budget, software experimentation and creativity.

Blended Learning

Blended learning is an integrated approach to teaching and learning that includes multiple mode of instruction and learner practice. Proponents of blending learning cite the opportunity for data collection and customization of instruction and assessment as two major benefits of this approach. Schools with blended learning models may also choose to reallocate resources to boost student achievement outcomes. The concept of blended learning has been around for a long time, but its terminology was not firmly

established until around the beginning of the 21" century. The meaning of blended learning widely diverged to

encompass a wide variety of synthesis in learning methods until 2006, when the first Handbook of Blended Learning by Bonk and Graham, was published. In this publication Graham challenged the breath and ambiguity of the term's definition and defined "blended learning system's as learning systems that "combine face -to-face instruction with computer mediated instruction".

Advantages

1. Blended learning provide a personalized training experience.

2. It promote better communication and collaborative learning.

 

3.The use of Information and communication technologies has been found to improve access to as well      as student attitudes towards learning.

M-Learning

Mobile learning invoices the use of mobile technology. either alone or in combination with other information and communication technology. (ICT), to enable learning any time and any where. Learning can unfold in a variety of ways. People can use mobile devices to access educational resources, connect with others or create content, both inside and out side classrooms, Mobile learning also encompasses efforts to support broad educational goals such as the effective administration of school systems and improved communication between schools and families.

Importance of m-learning

1. Mobile learning can be used to diversify the types of learning students partake in (or blended learning approach) 

2. Mobile learning can be a useful add-on tool for students with special needs. 

3. It is important to bring new technology in to the classroom. 

4. Mobile learning supports the learning process rather than being integral to it.

5. Devices used are more light weight than books and PCs. 6. Mobile learning can be used as a 'book' to reengage disaffected youth.

Web based learning

Web based learning (some times called e-learning) is any where, any time instruction delivered over the internet or a corporate-intranet to browser-equipped learners. There are two primary models of web based instruction: synchronous (instructor- facilitate) and asynchronous (self directed, self-paced). Instruction can be delivered by a combination of static methods (learning portals, hyper linked pages, screen cum tutorials, streaming audio- video and live web broad casts) and interactive methods (threaded discussions, chats, and desk-top video conferencing).

Education through Internet

1. In a sense all use of internet is educative as it involves access to information and contains huge quantities of data on numerous topics.

2. Internet has information on most of the advanced research topics in highly technical or scientific areas besides information on very petty topics.

3. The use of Internet could provide wider access to good quality education at low cost. 4. Internet provides information and education to the wider

population located in every nook and corner of the globe.

5. Internet may be considered as a tool to disseminate large

quantities of information, to propel the masses forward on a path of prosperity in the shortest possible time with minim-um resources. 6. Internet technology can be very helpful in removing adversities of nature or the adversities faced by human because of their caste or creeds.

7. The learning process on internet is interesting and interactive. 8. The students have a great opportunity to be creative.

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the practice of using a net work of remote severs hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. Cloud computing is defined as a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal device to handle applications. Cloud computing is comparable to grid computing, a type of computing where unused processing cycles of all computers in a network are harnesses to solve problems too intensive for any stand-alone machine.

In cloud computing, the word cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet." So the phrase cloud computing means "a type of Internet-based computing", where different services such as servers, storage and applications are delivered to an organisation's computers and devices through the Internet. In the simplest term, cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive.

Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud", also focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple users but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. This can work for allocating resources to users.

Examples of cloud computing:

1.Micro soft One Drive 2. Office Online 3. Google Drive

4. Apple i cloud 5. Amazon cloud Drive Characteristics of cloud computing

Conclusion

The image of technology in teaching programmes increases the quality of teaching effectively. A well designed teacher trainig programme is essential to meet the demand of today's teacher who went to learn how to use ICT effectively for teaching. It is these immportant for teacher trainers and policy to undterstand the factors affecting effectivenessof different approaches of ICT use in teacher trainig inorder to explore proper trainig strategies that are viable to all.

Reference

•  Murray, James (2011-12-18). "Cloud network architecture and ICT - Modern Network Architecture". TechTarget.
• "IEEE-CS Adopts Skills Framework for the Information Age • IEEE Computer Society". www.computer.org. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology